Web3.js API示例

Web3 API参考指南

@solana/web3.js库是一个涵盖Solana JSON RPC API的软件包。

您可以在这里找到@solana/web3.js库的完整文档。

一般

连接

连接用于与Solana JSON RPC进行交互。 您可以使用连接来确认交易，获取账户信息等。

您可以通过定义JSON RPC集群终点和所需的承诺来创建连接。

一旦完成此操作，您可以使用此连接对象与任何Solana JSON RPC API 进行交互。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let slot = await connection.getSlot();
console.log(slot);
// 93186439
 
let blockTime = await connection.getBlockTime(slot);
console.log(blockTime);
// 1630747045
 
let block = await connection.getBlock(slot);
console.log(block);
 
/*
{
    blockHeight: null,
    blockTime: 1630747045,
    blockhash: 'AsFv1aV5DGip9YJHHqVjrGg6EKk55xuyxn2HeiN9xQyn',
    parentSlot: 93186438,
    previousBlockhash: '11111111111111111111111111111111',
    rewards: [],
    transactions: []
}
*/
 
let slotLeader = await connection.getSlotLeader();
console.log(slotLeader);
//49AqLYbpJYc2DrzGUAH1fhWJy62yxBxpLEkfJwjKy2jr

上面的示例仅显示了 Connection 上的一些方法。请参阅生成的文档以获取完整列表。

交易

交易用于与Solana区块链上的程序进行交互。

这些交易使用TransactionInstructions构建， 其中包含所有可能进行交互的账户，以及任何所需的数据或程序地址。

每个TransactionInstruction 包括键、数据和程序ID。

您可以在单个交易中执行多个指令，同时与多个程序进行交互。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
const nacl = require("tweetnacl");
 
// Airdrop SOL for paying transactions
let payer = web3.Keypair.generate();
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  payer.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
let toAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
// Create Simple Transaction
let transaction = new web3.Transaction();
 
// Add an instruction to execute
transaction.add(
  web3.SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    toPubkey: toAccount.publicKey,
    lamports: 1000,
  }),
);
 
// Send and confirm transaction
// Note: feePayer is by default the first signer, or payer, if the parameter is not set
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [payer]);
 
// Alternatively, manually construct the transaction
let recentBlockhash = await connection.getRecentBlockhash();
let manualTransaction = new web3.Transaction({
  recentBlockhash: recentBlockhash.blockhash,
  feePayer: payer.publicKey,
});
manualTransaction.add(
  web3.SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    toPubkey: toAccount.publicKey,
    lamports: 1000,
  }),
);
 
let transactionBuffer = manualTransaction.serializeMessage();
let signature = nacl.sign.detached(transactionBuffer, payer.secretKey);
 
manualTransaction.addSignature(payer.publicKey, signature);
 
let isVerifiedSignature = manualTransaction.verifySignatures();
console.log(`The signatures were verified: ${isVerifiedSignature}`);
 
// The signatures were verified: true
 
let rawTransaction = manualTransaction.serialize();
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmRawTransaction(connection, rawTransaction);

密钥对

密钥对用于在Solana内创建具有公钥和秘钥的帐户。

您可以生成密钥对，从种子生成，或者从秘钥创建。

示例用法

const { Keypair } = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let account = Keypair.generate();
 
console.log(account.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log(account.secretKey);
 
// 2DVaHtcdTf7cm18Zm9VV8rKK4oSnjmTkKE6MiXe18Qsb
// Uint8Array(64) [
//   152,  43, 116, 211, 207,  41, 220,  33, 193, 168, 118,
//    24, 176,  83, 206, 132,  47, 194,   2, 203, 186, 131,
//   197, 228, 156, 170, 154,  41,  56,  76, 159, 124,  18,
//    14, 247,  32, 210,  51, 102,  41,  43,  21,  12, 170,
//   166, 210, 195, 188,  60, 220, 210,  96, 136, 158,   6,
//   205, 189, 165, 112,  32, 200, 116, 164, 234
// ]
 
let seed = Uint8Array.from([
  70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70,
  60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100,
]);
let accountFromSeed = Keypair.fromSeed(seed);
 
console.log(accountFromSeed.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log(accountFromSeed.secretKey);
 
// 3LDverZtSC9Duw2wyGC1C38atMG49toPNW9jtGJiw9Ar
// Uint8Array(64) [
//    70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60, 102,
//   100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60,
//   102, 100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  34,
//   164,   6,  12,   9, 193, 196,  30, 148, 122, 175,  11,
//    28, 243, 209,  82, 240, 184,  30,  31,  56, 223, 236,
//   227,  60,  72, 215,  47, 208, 209, 162,  59
// ]
 
let accountFromSecret = Keypair.fromSecretKey(account.secretKey);
 
console.log(accountFromSecret.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log(accountFromSecret.secretKey);
 
// 2DVaHtcdTf7cm18Zm9VV8rKK4oSnjmTkKE6MiXe18Qsb
// Uint8Array(64) [
//   152,  43, 116, 211, 207,  41, 220,  33, 193, 168, 118,
//    24, 176,  83, 206, 132,  47, 194,   2, 203, 186, 131,
//   197, 228, 156, 170, 154,  41,  56,  76, 159, 124,  18,
//    14, 247,  32, 210,  51, 102,  41,  43,  21,  12, 170,
//   166, 210, 195, 188,  60, 220, 210,  96, 136, 158,   6,
//   205, 189, 165, 112,  32, 200, 116, 164, 234
// ]

使用 generate 生成一个随机的 Keypair 以在 Solana 上用作账户。

使用 fromSeed，您可以使用确定性构造函数生成一个 Keypair。

fromSecret 从一个秘密的 Uint8array 创建一个 Keypair。

您可以看到 generate Keypair 和 fromSecret Keypair 的 publicKey 是相同的， 因为 generate Keypair 中的秘密被用于 fromSecret。

warning

除非您使用高熵生成种子，否则不要使用 fromSeed。不要分享您的种子。将种子视为私钥对待。

PublicKey

PublicKey 在 @solana/web3.js 中被用于交易、密钥对和程序。

在交易中列出每个账户和作为 Solana 上的通用标识符时，您需要公钥。

公钥可以使用 base58 编码的字符串、缓冲区、Uint8Array、数字和数字数组进行创建。

示例用法

const { Buffer } = require("buffer");
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
const crypto = require("crypto");
 
// Create a PublicKey with a base58 encoded string
let base58publicKey = new web3.PublicKey(
  "5xot9PVkphiX2adznghwrAuxGs2zeWisNSxMW6hU6Hkj",
);
console.log(base58publicKey.toBase58());
 
// 5xot9PVkphiX2adznghwrAuxGs2zeWisNSxMW6hU6Hkj
 
// Create a Program Address
let highEntropyBuffer = crypto.randomBytes(31);
let programAddressFromKey = await web3.PublicKey.createProgramAddress(
  [highEntropyBuffer.slice(0, 31)],
  base58publicKey,
);
console.log(`Generated Program Address: ${programAddressFromKey.toBase58()}`);
 
// Generated Program Address: 3thxPEEz4EDWHNxo1LpEpsAxZryPAHyvNVXJEJWgBgwJ
 
// Find Program address given a PublicKey
let validProgramAddress = await web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
  [Buffer.from("", "utf8")],
  programAddressFromKey,
);
console.log(`Valid Program Address: ${validProgramAddress}`);
 
// Valid Program Address: C14Gs3oyeXbASzwUpqSymCKpEyccfEuSe8VRar9vJQRE,253

系统程序

SystemProgram 允许创建帐户、分配帐户数据、将帐户分配给程序、 处理 nonce 帐户以及传输 lamports。

您可以使用 SystemInstruction 类来帮助解码和阅读单个指令

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
// Airdrop SOL for paying transactions
let payer = web3.Keypair.generate();
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  payer.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
// Allocate Account Data
let allocatedAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
let allocateInstruction = web3.SystemProgram.allocate({
  accountPubkey: allocatedAccount.publicKey,
  space: 100,
});
let transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(allocateInstruction);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
  payer,
  allocatedAccount,
]);
 
// Create Nonce Account
let nonceAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
let minimumAmountForNonceAccount =
  await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(web3.NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH);
let createNonceAccountTransaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.createNonceAccount({
    fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    noncePubkey: nonceAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    lamports: minimumAmountForNonceAccount,
  }),
);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(
  connection,
  createNonceAccountTransaction,
  [payer, nonceAccount],
);
 
// Advance nonce - Used to create transactions as an account custodian
let advanceNonceTransaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.nonceAdvance({
    noncePubkey: nonceAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedPubkey: payer.publicKey,
  }),
);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, advanceNonceTransaction, [
  payer,
]);
 
// Transfer lamports between accounts
let toAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
let transferTransaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    toPubkey: toAccount.publicKey,
    lamports: 1000,
  }),
);
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transferTransaction, [payer]);
 
// Assign a new account to a program
let programId = web3.Keypair.generate();
let assignedAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
let assignTransaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.assign({
    accountPubkey: assignedAccount.publicKey,
    programId: programId.publicKey,
  }),
);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, assignTransaction, [
  payer,
  assignedAccount,
]);

Secp256k1Program

Secp256k1Program 用于验证 Secp256k1 签名，该签名被比特币和以太坊使用。

示例用法

const { keccak_256 } = require("js-sha3");
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
const secp256k1 = require("secp256k1");
 
// Create a Ethereum Address from secp256k1
let secp256k1PrivateKey;
do {
  secp256k1PrivateKey = web3.Keypair.generate().secretKey.slice(0, 32);
} while (!secp256k1.privateKeyVerify(secp256k1PrivateKey));
 
let secp256k1PublicKey = secp256k1
  .publicKeyCreate(secp256k1PrivateKey, false)
  .slice(1);
 
let ethAddress =
  web3.Secp256k1Program.publicKeyToEthAddress(secp256k1PublicKey);
console.log(`Ethereum Address: 0x${ethAddress.toString("hex")}`);
 
// Ethereum Address: 0xadbf43eec40694eacf36e34bb5337fba6a2aa8ee
 
// Fund a keypair to create instructions
let fromPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate();
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
// Sign Message with Ethereum Key
let plaintext = Buffer.from("string address");
let plaintextHash = Buffer.from(keccak_256.update(plaintext).digest());
let { signature, recid: recoveryId } = secp256k1.ecdsaSign(
  plaintextHash,
  secp256k1PrivateKey,
);
 
// Create transaction to verify the signature
let transaction = new Transaction().add(
  web3.Secp256k1Program.createInstructionWithEthAddress({
    ethAddress: ethAddress.toString("hex"),
    plaintext,
    signature,
    recoveryId,
  }),
);
 
// Transaction will succeed if the message is verified to be signed by the address
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [fromPublicKey]);

消息

消息用作构造交易的另一种方式。

您可以使用交易中的账户、头部、指令和最近的区块哈希来构造消息。

交易是消息和执行交易所需的所需签名列表的总和。

示例用法

const { Buffer } = require("buffer");
const bs58 = require("bs58");
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let toPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate().publicKey;
let fromPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
let type = web3.SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS.Transfer;
let data = Buffer.alloc(type.layout.span);
let layoutFields = Object.assign({ instruction: type.index });
type.layout.encode(layoutFields, data);
 
let recentBlockhash = await connection.getRecentBlockhash();
 
let messageParams = {
  accountKeys: [
    fromPublicKey.publicKey.toString(),
    toPublicKey.toString(),
    web3.SystemProgram.programId.toString(),
  ],
  header: {
    numReadonlySignedAccounts: 0,
    numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts: 1,
    numRequiredSignatures: 1,
  },
  instructions: [
    {
      accounts: [0, 1],
      data: bs58.encode(data),
      programIdIndex: 2,
    },
  ],
  recentBlockhash,
};
 
let message = new web3.Message(messageParams);
 
let transaction = web3.Transaction.populate(message, [
  fromPublicKey.publicKey.toString(),
]);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [fromPublicKey]);

结构

结构类用于在 JavaScript 中创建与 Rust 兼容的结构体。

该类仅与 Borsh 编码的 Rust 结构体兼容。

示例用法

Rust中的结构体:

pub struct Fee {
    pub denominator: u64,
    pub numerator: u64,
}

使用web3:

import BN from "bn.js";
import { Struct } from "@solana/web3.js";
 
export class Fee extends Struct {
  denominator: BN;
  numerator: BN;
}

枚举

枚举类用于在 JavaScript 中表示与 Rust 兼容的枚举。

如果记录，该枚举将只是一个字符串表示，但在与 Struct 结合使用时，可以正常编码/解码。

该类仅与 Borsh 编码的 Rust 枚举兼容。

示例用法

Rust中的枚举:

pub enum AccountType {
    Uninitialized,
    StakePool,
    ValidatorList,
}

使用web3:

import { Enum } from "@solana/web3.js";
 
export class AccountType extends Enum {}

NonceAccount

通常情况下，如果交易的 recentBlockhash 字段过时，交易将被拒绝。

为了提供某些托管服务，使用 Nonce 账户。

通过 Nonce 账户在链上捕获 recentBlockhash 的交易不会过期，

只要 Nonce 账户未被推进。

您可以先创建一个普通账户， 然后使用 SystemProgram 使账户成为 Nonce 账户来创建一个 nonce 账户。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
// Create connection
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
// Generate accounts
let account = web3.Keypair.generate();
let nonceAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
// Fund account
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  account.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
// Get Minimum amount for rent exemption
let minimumAmount = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
  web3.NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH,
);
 
// Form CreateNonceAccount transaction
let transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.createNonceAccount({
    fromPubkey: account.publicKey,
    noncePubkey: nonceAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedPubkey: account.publicKey,
    lamports: minimumAmount,
  }),
);
// Create Nonce Account
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
  account,
  nonceAccount,
]);
 
let nonceAccountData = await connection.getNonce(
  nonceAccount.publicKey,
  "confirmed",
);
 
console.log(nonceAccountData);
// NonceAccount {
//   authorizedPubkey: PublicKey {
//     _bn: <BN: 919981a5497e8f85c805547439ae59f607ea625b86b1138ea6e41a68ab8ee038>
//   },
//   nonce: '93zGZbhMmReyz4YHXjt2gHsvu5tjARsyukxD4xnaWaBq',
//   feeCalculator: { lamportsPerSignature: 5000 }
// }
 
let nonceAccountInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(
  nonceAccount.publicKey,
  "confirmed",
);
 
let nonceAccountFromInfo = web3.NonceAccount.fromAccountData(
  nonceAccountInfo.data,
);
 
console.log(nonceAccountFromInfo);
// NonceAccount {
//   authorizedPubkey: PublicKey {
//     _bn: <BN: 919981a5497e8f85c805547439ae59f607ea625b86b1138ea6e41a68ab8ee038>
//   },
//   nonce: '93zGZbhMmReyz4YHXjt2gHsvu5tjARsyukxD4xnaWaBq',
//   feeCalculator: { lamportsPerSignature: 5000 }
// }

上述示例展示了如何使用 SystemProgram.createNonceAccount 创建 NonceAccount， 以及如何从 accountInfo 中检索 NonceAccount。

使用 nonce，您可以创建将 nonce 替代最近的 blockhash 的离线交易。

VoteAccount

投票账户是一个对象，它授予从网络上的本地投票账户程序解码投票账户的能力。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let voteAccountInfo = await connection.getProgramAccounts(web3.VOTE_PROGRAM_ID);
let voteAccountFromData = web3.VoteAccount.fromAccountData(
  voteAccountInfo[0].account.data,
);
console.log(voteAccountFromData);
/*
VoteAccount {
  nodePubkey: PublicKey {
    _bn: <BN: cf1c635246d4a2ebce7b96bf9f44cacd7feed5552be3c714d8813c46c7e5ec02>
  },
  authorizedWithdrawer: PublicKey {
    _bn: <BN: b76ae0caa56f2b9906a37f1b2d4f8c9d2a74c1420cd9eebe99920b364d5cde54>
  },
  commission: 10,
  rootSlot: 104570885,
  votes: [
    { slot: 104570886, confirmationCount: 31 },
    { slot: 104570887, confirmationCount: 30 },
    { slot: 104570888, confirmationCount: 29 },
    { slot: 104570889, confirmationCount: 28 },
    { slot: 104570890, confirmationCount: 27 },
    { slot: 104570891, confirmationCount: 26 },
    { slot: 104570892, confirmationCount: 25 },
    { slot: 104570893, confirmationCount: 24 },
    { slot: 104570894, confirmationCount: 23 },
    ...
  ],
  authorizedVoters: [ { epoch: 242, authorizedVoter: [PublicKey] } ],
  priorVoters: [
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object]
   ],
  epochCredits: [
    { epoch: 179, credits: 33723163, prevCredits: 33431259 },
    { epoch: 180, credits: 34022643, prevCredits: 33723163 },
    { epoch: 181, credits: 34331103, prevCredits: 34022643 },
    { epoch: 182, credits: 34619348, prevCredits: 34331103 },
    { epoch: 183, credits: 34880375, prevCredits: 34619348 },
    { epoch: 184, credits: 35074055, prevCredits: 34880375 },
    { epoch: 185, credits: 35254965, prevCredits: 35074055 },
    { epoch: 186, credits: 35437863, prevCredits: 35254965 },
    { epoch: 187, credits: 35672671, prevCredits: 35437863 },
    { epoch: 188, credits: 35950286, prevCredits: 35672671 },
    { epoch: 189, credits: 36228439, prevCredits: 35950286 },
    ...
  ],
  lastTimestamp: { slot: 104570916, timestamp: 1635730116 }
}
*/

质押

StakeProgram

StakeProgram 便于质押 SOL 并将它们委托给网络上的任何验证器。

您可以使用 StakeProgram 创建一个质押账户，质押一些 SOL，授权账户用于提取质押金， 停用您的质押，并提取您的资金。

StakeInstruction 类用于解码和阅读通过调用StakeProgram 的交易中的更多指令

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
// Fund a key to create transactions
let fromPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate();
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
// Create Account
let stakeAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
let authorizedAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
/* Note: This is the minimum amount for a stake account -- Add additional Lamports for staking
    For example, we add 50 lamports as part of the stake */
let lamportsForStakeAccount =
  (await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
    web3.StakeProgram.space,
  )) + 50;
 
let createAccountTransaction = web3.StakeProgram.createAccount({
  fromPubkey: fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  authorized: new web3.Authorized(
    authorizedAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedAccount.publicKey,
  ),
  lamports: lamportsForStakeAccount,
  lockup: new web3.Lockup(0, 0, fromPublicKey.publicKey),
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
});
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, createAccountTransaction, [
  fromPublicKey,
  stakeAccount,
]);
 
// Check that stake is available
let stakeBalance = await connection.getBalance(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(`Stake balance: ${stakeBalance}`);
// Stake balance: 2282930
 
// We can verify the state of our stake. This may take some time to become active
let stakeState = await connection.getStakeActivation(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(`Stake state: ${stakeState.state}`);
// Stake state: inactive
 
// To delegate our stake, we get the current vote accounts and choose the first
let voteAccounts = await connection.getVoteAccounts();
let voteAccount = voteAccounts.current.concat(voteAccounts.delinquent)[0];
let votePubkey = new web3.PublicKey(voteAccount.votePubkey);
 
// We can then delegate our stake to the voteAccount
let delegateTransaction = web3.StakeProgram.delegate({
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
  authorizedPubkey: authorizedAccount.publicKey,
  votePubkey: votePubkey,
});
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, delegateTransaction, [
  fromPublicKey,
  authorizedAccount,
]);
 
// To withdraw our funds, we first have to deactivate the stake
let deactivateTransaction = web3.StakeProgram.deactivate({
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
  authorizedPubkey: authorizedAccount.publicKey,
});
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, deactivateTransaction, [
  fromPublicKey,
  authorizedAccount,
]);
 
// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our funds
let withdrawTransaction = web3.StakeProgram.withdraw({
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
  authorizedPubkey: authorizedAccount.publicKey,
  toPubkey: fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  lamports: stakeBalance,
});
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, withdrawTransaction, [
  fromPublicKey,
  authorizedAccount,
]);

授权

授权是在 Solana 中创建用于参与质押的授权账户时使用的对象。

您可以分别指定质押者和提取者，允许提取者与质押者不同的账户。

您可以在 StakeProgram 下找到对授权对象的更多用法。

锁定

锁定与StakeProgram一起使用，用于创建账户。

锁定用于确定抵押将被锁定多长时间，或无法检索。

如果锁定对纪元和Unix时间戳都设置为 0，则该抵押账户的锁定将被禁用。

示例用法

const {
  Authorized,
  Keypair,
  Lockup,
  StakeProgram,
} = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let account = Keypair.generate();
let stakeAccount = Keypair.generate();
let authorized = new Authorized(account.publicKey, account.publicKey);
let lockup = new Lockup(0, 0, account.publicKey);
 
let createStakeAccountInstruction = StakeProgram.createAccount({
  fromPubkey: account.publicKey,
  authorized: authorized,
  lamports: 1000,
  lockup: lockup,
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
});

上述代码创建了一个 createStakeAccountInstruction， 用于创建一个与 StakeProgram 配合使用的账户。

锁定期限已设置为 0，包括时代和 Unix 时间戳，在账户中禁用锁定。

查看 StakeProgram 以获取更多信息。